Implementation of an Asynchronous Serial I/O

? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510D-page 1 INTRODUCTION The PIC16C5X series from Microchip Technology Inc., are 8-bit, high-speed, EPROM-based microcontrollers. This application note describes the implementation of an Asynchronous serial I/O using Microchip's PIC16C5X series of high-speed 8-bit microcontrollers. These EPROM based microcontrollers can operate at very high speeds with a minimum of 200 ns cycle time @ 20 MHz input clock. Many microcontroller applications require chip-to-chip serial data communications. Since the PIC16C5X series have no on-chip serial ports, serial communication has to be performed in software. For many cost-sensitive high volume applications, implementation of a serial I/O through software provides a more cost effective solution than dedicated logic. This application note provides code for the PIC16C5X to simulate a serial port using two I/O Pins (one as input for reception and the other as output for transmission). IMPLEMENTATION Two programs are provided in this application note. One program simulates a full duplex RS-232 communication and the other provides implementation of half duplex communication. Using Half-Duplex, rates up to 19200 baud can be implemented using an 8 MHz input clock. In case of Full-Duplex, the software can handle up to 9600 baud at 8 MHz and 19200 baud at 20 MHz, one or two stop bits, eight or seven data bits, No Parity and can Author: Amar Palacherla Logic Products Division transmit or receive with either LSb first (normal mode) or MSb first (CODEC like mode). It should be noted that the higher the input clock the better the resolution. These options should be set up during assembly time and not during run time.The user simply has to change the header file for the required communication options. The software does not provide any handshaking protocols.With minor modifications, the user may incor- porate software handshaking using XON/XOFF. To implement hardware handshaking, an additional two digital I/O Pins may be used as RTS (ready to send) and CTS (clear to send) lines. Figure 1 shows a flowchart for serial transmission and Figure 2 shows a flowchart for reception. The flowcharts show cases for transmission/reception with LSb first and eight data bits. For reception, the data receive pin, DR, is polled approximately every B/2 seconds ( 52 ?s in case of 9600 baud) to detect the start bit, where B is the time duration of one bit (B = 1/ Baud). If a start bit is found, then the first data bit is checked for after 1.25B seconds. From then on, the other data bits are checked every B seconds (104 ?s in case of 9600 baud). In the case of transmission, first a start bit is sent by set- ting the transmit data pin, DX to zero for B seconds, and from then on the DX pin is set/cleared corresponding to the data bit every B seconds. Assembly language code corresponding to the following flowcharts is given in Figure 3 and Figure 4. AN510 Implementation of an Asynchronous Serial I/O AN510 DS00510D-page 2 ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 1: TRANSMISSION FLOWCHART Input Load Xmit Reg X-Count = 8 DX pin = 0 Delay Right Shift Xmt reg DX pin = 1 X-Count = X-Count - 1 DX pin = 0 Transmission Over Is Carry = 1? Is X-Count = 0? No Yes No Yes FIGURE 2: RECEPTION FLOWCHART Input Test Pin DR Is DR = 0? R-Count = 8 Rcv Reg = 0 Delay Clear Carry bit Right Shift Rcv Reg Test Pin DR Is DR = 1? Set MSb of Rcv Reg R-Count = R-Count - 1 Is R-Count = 0? Stop Yes No Start Bit Detected No Yes Yes No ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510D-page 3 AN510 FIGURE 3: TRANSMIT ASSEMBLY CODE (CORRESPONDING TO FIGURE 1) FIGURE 4: RECEIVE ASSEMBLY CODE (CORRESPONDING TO FIGURE 2) ;********************* Transmitter***************************** Xmtr movlw 8 ; Assume XmtReg contains data to be Xmted movwf XCount ; 8 data bits bcf Port_A,DX ; Send Start Bit X_next call Delay ; Delay for B/2 Seconds rrf XmtReg btfsc STATUS,CARRY ; Test the bit to be transmitted bsf Port_A,DX ; Bit is a one btfss STATUS,CARRY bcf Port_A,DX ; Bit is zero decfsz Count ; If count = 0, then transmit a stop bit goto X_next ; transmit next bit ; X_Stop call Delay bsf Port_A,DX ; Send Stop Bit X_Over goto X_Over ;**************** Receiver ********************* ; Rcvr btfsc Port_A,DR ; Test for Start Bit goto Rcvr ; Start Bit not found movlw 8 ; Start Bit Detected movwf RCount ; 8 Data Bits clrf RcvReg ; Receive Data Register R_next call Delay ; Delay for B/2 Seconds, B=Time duration of 1bit bcf STATUS,CARRY ; Clear CARRY bit rrf RcvReg ; to set if MSB first or LSB first btfsc Port_A,DR ; Is the bit a zero or one ? bsf RcvReg,MSB ; Bit is a one call Delay decfsz RCount goto R_next R_Over goto R_Over ; Reception done The software is organized such that the communication software acts as a Real Time Operating System (RTOS) which gives control to the User routine for a certain time interval. After this predetermined time slot, the user must give back control to the Operating Sys- tem. This is true only in the case of full-duplex imple- mentation.Timing considerations are such that the user gets control for approximately half the time of the bit rate and the rest of the half time is used up by the Oper- ating System (and software delays). Please refer to Table 1 for the delay constants and the time the user gets at 8 MHz input clock. Delay constants and the time that the user gets at 20 MHz and 4 MHz input clock speeds are given in the source code listing of the full duplex routine. At frequencies other than 4, 8, or 20 MHz, the delay constants and the time the user gets can be computed from the equations given in Figure 6. FIGURE 5: FULL DUPLEX BLOCK DIAGRAM RTOS User Xmtr Rcur AN510 DS00510D-page 4 ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. FIGURE 6: EQUATIONS FOR DELAY CONSTANTS TABLE 1: DELAY CONSTANTS AT 8 MHZ INPUT CLOCK TABLE 2: DELAY CONSTANTS AT 20 MHZ INPUT CLOCK For example, if the baud rate selected is 9600 bps (@ 8 MHz), then the total time frame for one bit is approximately 104 ?s. Out of this 104 ?s, 61 ?s is used by the Operating System and the other 43 ?s is avail- able to the user. It is the user's responsibility to return control to the Operating System exactly after the time specified in Table 1. For very accurate timing (with resolution up to one clock cycle) the user may set up the RTCC timer with the Prescaler option for calculating the real time. With RTCC set to increment on internal CLKOUT Note: CLKOUT = FOSC/4 Baud_Cycles = Clkout/Baud ; User_time = Baud_Cycles? (float) 0.5 ; K0 = (1.25?Baud_Cycles - 2.0?User_time - 89)/3.0; IF (K0 ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510D-page 5 AN510 SUMMARY PIC16C5X family of microcontrollers allow users to implement half or full duplex RS-232 communication. AN510 DS00510D-page 6 ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. APPENDIX A: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE FOR HALF DUPLEX MPASM 01.00.02 Alpha C:\AP-NOTES\ 6-24-1994 8:56:3 PAGE 1 LOC OBJECT CODE LINE SOURCE TEXT 0001 ; RS-232 Communication With PIC16C54 0002 ; 0003 ; Half Duplex Asynchronous Communication 0004 ; 0005 ; This program has been tested at Bauds from 1200 to 19200 Baud 0006 ; ( @ 8,16,20 Mhz CLKIN ) 0007 ; 0008 ; As a test, this program will echo back the data that has been 0009 ; received. 0010 ; 0011 ; 0012 LIST P=16C54, T=ON 0013 INCLUDE "PICREG.H" 0001 ;********************* PIC16C5X Header ********************* 01FF 0002 PIC54 equ 1FFH ; Define Reset Vectors 01FF 0003 PIC55 equ 1FFH 03FF 0004 PIC56 equ 3FFH 07FF 0005 PIC57 equ 7FFH 0006 ; 0001 0007 RTCC equ 1 0002 0008 PC equ 2 0003 0009 STATUS equ 3 ; F3 Reg is STATUS Reg. 0004 0010 FSR equ 4 0011 ; 0005 0012 Port_A equ 5 0006 0013 Port_B equ 6 ; I/O Port Assignments 0007 0014 Port_C equ 7 0015 ; 0016 ;****************************************************************** 0017 ; 0018 ; ; STATUS REG. Bits 0000 0019 CARRY equ 0 ; Carry Bit is Bit.0 of F3 0000 0020 C equ 0 0001 0021 DCARRY equ 1 0001 0022 DC equ 1 0002 0023 Z_bit equ 2 ; Bit 2 of F3 is Zero Bit 0002 0024 Z equ 2 0003 0025 P_DOWN equ 3 0003 0026 PD equ 3 0004 0027 T_OUT equ 4 0004 0028 TO equ 4 0005 0029 PA0 equ 5 0006 0030 PA1 equ 6 0007 0031 PA2 equ 7 0032 ; 0001 0033 Same equ 1 0000 0034 W equ 0 0035 ; 0000 0036 LSB equ 0 0007 0037 MSB equ 7 0038 ; 0001 0039 TRUE equ 1 0001 0040 YES equ 1 0000 0041 FALSE equ 0 0000 0042 NO equ 0 0043 ; 0044 ;****************************************************************** 0045 0013 ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510D-page 7 AN510 0014 ;************** Communication Parameters ********************** 0015 ; 0001 0016 X_MODE equ 1 ; If ( X_MODE==1) Then transmit LSB first 0017 ; if ( X_MODE==0) Then transmit MSB first ( CODEC like ) 0001 0018 R_MODE equ 1 ; If ( R_MODE==1) Then receive LSB first 0019 ; if ( X_MODE==0) Then receive MSB first ( CODEC like ) 0001 0020 X_Nbit equ 1 ; if (X_Nbit==1) # of data bits ( Transmission ) is 8 else 7 0001 0021 R_Nbit equ 1 ; if (R_Nbit==1) # of data bits ( Reception ) is 8 else 7 0022 ; 0000 0023 Sbit2 equ 0 ; if Sbit2 = 0 then 1 Stop Bit else 2 Stop Bits 0024 ; 0025 ;***************************************************************** 0005 0026 X_flag equ PA0 ; Bit 5 of F3 ( PA0 ) 0006 0027 R_flag equ PA1 ; Bit 6 of F3 ( PA1 ) 0028 ; 0000 0029 DX equ 0 ; Transmit Pin ( Bit 0 of Port A ) 0001 0030 DR equ 1 ; Reciive Pin ( Bit 1 of Port A ) 0031 ; 0032 ; 0044 0033 BAUD_1 equ .68 ; 3+3X = CLKOUT/Baud 0043 0034 BAUD_2 equ .67 ; 6+3X = CLKOUT/Baud 0022 0035 BAUD_3 equ .34 ; 3+3X = 0.5*CLKOUT/Baud 0056 0036 BAUD_4 equ .86 ; 3+3X = 1.25*CLKOUT/Baud 0042 0037 BAUD_X equ .66 ; 11+3X = CLKOUT/Baud 0042 0038 BAUD_Y equ .66 ; 9 +3X = CLKOUT/Baud 0039 ; 0040 ;********************* Data RAM Assignments ******************** 0041 ; 0042 ORG 08H ; Dummy Origin 0043 ; 0008 0001 0044 RcvReg RES 1 ; Data received 0009 0001 0045 XmtReg RES 1 ; Data to be transmitted 000A 0001 0046 Count RES 1 ; Counter for #of Bits Transmitted 000B 0001 0047 DlyCnt RES 1 0048 ;***************************************************************** 0049 ; 0050 ORG 0 0051 ; 0000 0068 0052 Talk clrf RcvReg ; Clear all bits of RcvReg 0001 0625 0053 btfsc Port_A,DR ; check for a Start Bit 0002 0A30 0054 goto User ; delay for 104/2 uS 0003 0923 0055 call Delay4 ; delay for 104+104/4 0056 ;*************************************************************** 0057 ; Receiver 0058 ; 0059 Rcvr 0060 IF R_Nbit 0004 0C08 0061 movlw 8 ; 8 Data bits 0062 ELSE 0063 movlw 7 ; 7 data bits 0064 ENDIF 0065 ; 0005 002A 0066 movwf Count 0006 0403 0067 R_next bcf STATUS,CARRY 0068 IF R_MODE 0007 0328 0069 rrf RcvReg,Same ; to set if MSB first or LSB first 0070 ELSE 0071 rlf RcvReg,Same 0072 ENDIF 0008 0625 0073 btfsc Port_A,DR 0074 ; 0075 IF R_MODE 0076 IF R_Nbit 0009 05E8 0077 bsf RcvReg,MSB ; Conditional Assembly 0078 ELSE 0079 bsf RcvReg,MSB-1 AN510 DS00510D-page 8 ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. 0080 ENDIF 0081 ELSE 0082 bsf RcvReg,LSB 0083 ENDIF 0084 ; 000A 091F 0085 call DelayY 000B 02EA 0086 decfsz Count,Same 000C 0A06 0087 goto R_next 0088 ;**************************************************** 000D 0208 0089 R_over movf RcvReg,0 ; Send back What is Just Received 000E 0029 0090 movwf XmtReg 0091 ;**************************************************** 0092 ; Transmitter 0093 ; 0094 Xmtr 0095 IF X_Nbit 000F 0C08 0096 movlw 8 0097 ELSE 0098 movlw 7 0099 ENDIF 0010 002A 0100 movwf Count 0101 ; 0102 IF X_MODE 0103 ELSE 0104 IF X_Nbit 0105 ELSE 0106 rlf XmtReg,Same 0107 ENDIF 0108 ENDIF 0109 ; 0011 0405 0110 bcf Port_A,DX ; Send Start Bit 0012 0925 0111 call Delay1 0013 0403 0112 X_next bcf STATUS,CARRY 0113 ; 0114 IF X_MODE 0014 0329 0115 rrf XmtReg,Same ; Conditional Assembly 0116 ELSE ; to set if MSB first or LSB first 0117 rlf XmtReg,Same 0118 ENDIF 0119 ; 0015 0603 0120 btfsc STATUS,CARRY 0016 0505 0121 bsf Port_A,DX 0017 0703 0122 btfss STATUS,CARRY 0018 0405 0123 bcf Port_A,DX 0019 0921 0124 call DelayX 001A 02EA 0125 decfsz Count,Same 001B 0A13 0126 goto X_next 001C 0505 0127 bsf Port_A,DX ; Send Stop Bit 001D 0925 0128 call Delay1 0129 ; 0130 IF Sbit2 0131 bsf Port_A,DX 0132 call Delay1 0133 ENDIF 0134 ; 001E 0A00 0135 goto Talk ; Back To Reception & Transmision 0136 ; 0137 ; End of Transmission 0138 ; 001F 0C42 0139 DelayY movlw BAUD_Y 0020 0A28 0140 goto save 0021 0C42 0141 DelayX movlw BAUD_X 0022 0A28 0142 goto save 0023 0C56 0143 Delay4 movlw BAUD_4 0024 0A28 0144 goto save 0025 0C44 0145 Delay1 movlw BAUD_1 ; 104 uS for 9600 baud ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510D-page 9 AN510 0026 0A28 0146 goto save 0027 0C43 0147 Delay2 movlw BAUD_2 0028 002B 0148 save movwf DlyCnt 0029 02EB 0149 redo_1 decfsz DlyCnt,Same 002A 0A29 0150 goto redo_1 002B 0800 0151 retlw 0 0152 ; 002C 0C0E 0153 main movlw 0EH ; Bit 0 of Port A is Output 002D 0005 0154 tris Port_A ; Set Port_A.0 as output ( DX ) 002E 0525 0155 bsf Port_A,DR 0156 ; 002F 0A00 0157 goto Talk 0158 ; 0159 ; 0030 0C22 0160 User movlw BAUD_3 0031 002B 0161 movwf DlyCnt 0032 02EB 0162 redo_2 decfsz DlyCnt,Same 0033 0A32 0163 goto redo_2 0034 0A00 0164 goto Talk ; Loop Until Start Bit Found 0165 ; 0166 ; 0167 ORG PIC54 01FF 0A2C 0168 goto main 0169 ; 0170 END 0171 MEMORY USAGE MAP (`X' = Used, `-' = Unused) 0000 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX---------- 0040 : ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- 0180 : ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- 01C0 : ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------------X All other memory blocks unused. Errors : 0 Warnings : 0 AN510 DS00510D-page 10 ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. APPENDIX B: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE LISTING FOR FULL DUPLEX MPASM 01.00.02 Alpha C:\AP-NOTES\ 6-24-1994 9:8:43 PAGE 1 RS232 Communication Using PIC16C54 LOC OBJECT CODE LINE SOURCE TEXT 0001 ;************************************************************************* 0002 TITLE "RS232 Communication Using PIC16C54" 0003 ; 0004 ; Comments : 0005 ; (1) Full Duplex 0006 ; (2) Tested from 1200 to 9600 Baud( @ 8 Mhz ) 0007 ; (3) Tested from 1200 to 19200 Baud(@ 16 & 20 Mhz) 0008 ; 0009 ; The User gets a total time as specified by the User Cycles 0010 ; in the table ( or from equations ). The user routine has 0011 ; to exactly use up this amount of time. After this time the 0012 ; User routine has to give up the control to the Operating 0013 ; System. If less than 52 uS is used, then the user should 0014 ; wait in a delay loop, until exactly 52 uS. 0015 ; 0016 ; Transmission : 0017 ; Transmit Data is output on DX pin (Bit DX of 0018 ; Port A). In the user routine, the user should load 0019 ; the data to be transmitted in the XmtReg and Set 0020 ; the X_flag ( bsf FlagRX,X_flag ). This flag gets 0021 ; cleared after the transmission. 0022 ; 0023 ; Reception : 0024 ; Data is received on pin DR ( bit DR of Port_A ). 0025 ; The User should constantly check the "R_done" flag 0026 ; to see if reception is over. If the reception is 0027 ; in progress, R_flag is set to 1. 0028 ; If the reception is over, "R_done" flag is set 0029 ; to 1. The "R_done" flag gets reset to zero when a 0030 ; next start bit is detected. So, the user check 0031 ; should constantlythe R_done flag, and if SET, then 0032 ; the received wordis in Register "RcvReg". This 0033 ; register gets cleared when a new start bit is detected. 0034 ; 0035 ; Program Memory : 0036 ; Total Program Memory Locations Used ( except initialization 0037 ; in "main" & User routine ) = 132 locations. 0038 ; 0039 ; Data Memory : 0040 ; Total Data memory locations (file registers used) = 6 0041 ; 2 File registers to hold Xmt Data & Rcv Data 0042 ; 1 File registers for Xmt/Rcv flag test bits 0043 ; 3 File registers for delay count & scratch pad 0044 ; 0045 ; Stack : 0046 ; Only one level of stack is used in the Operating 0047 ; System/RS232 routine. But this is freed as soon as the 0048 ; program returns to the user routine. 0049 ; 0050 ; RTCC : Not Used 0051 ; WDT : Not Used 0052 ; 0053 LIST P=16C54, T=ON 0054 INCLUDE "PICREG.H" 0001 ;*********************** PIC16C5X Header ********************* 01FF 0002 PIC54 equ 1FFH ; Define Reset Vectors 01FF 0003 PIC55 equ 1FFH 03FF 0004 PIC56 equ 3FFH ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510D-page 11 AN510 07FF 0005 PIC57 equ 7FFH 0006 ; 0001 0007 RTCC equ 1 0002 0008 PC equ 2 0003 0009 STATUS equ 3 ; F3 Reg is STATUS Reg. 0004 0010 FSR equ 4 0011 ; 0005 0012 Port_A equ 5 0006 0013 Port_B equ 6 ; I/O Port Assignments 0007 0014 Port_C equ 7 0015 ; 0016 ;**************************************************************** 0017 ; 0018 ; ; STATUS REG. Bits 0000 0019 CARRY equ 0 ; Carry Bit is Bit.0 of F3 0000 0020 C equ 0 0001 0021 DCARRY equ 1 0001 0022 DC equ 1 0002 0023 Z_bit equ 2 ; Bit 2 of F3 is Zero Bit 0002 0024 Z equ 2 0003 0025 P_DOWN equ 3 0003 0026 PD equ 3 0004 0027 T_OUT equ 4 0004 0028 TO equ 4 0005 0029 PA0 equ 5 0006 0030 PA1 equ 6 0007 0031 PA2 equ 7 0032 ; 0001 0033 Same equ 1 0000 0034 W equ 0 0035 ; 0000 0036 LSB equ 0 0007 0037 MSB equ 7 0038 ; 0001 0039 TRUE equ 1 0001 0040 YES equ 1 0000 0041 FALSE equ 0 0000 0042 NO equ 0 0043 ; 0044 ;***************************************************************** 0045 0054 0055 INCLUDE "RS232.H" 0001 ;***************************************************************** 0002 ; RS232 Communication Parameters 0003 ; 0004 ; 0001 0005 X_MODE equ 1 ; If ( X_MODE==1) Then transmit LSB first 0006 ; if ( X_MODE==0) Then transmit MSB first ( CODEC like ) 0001 0007 R_MODE equ 1 ; If ( R_MODE==1) Then receive LSB first 0008 ; if ( R_MODE==0) Then receive MSB first ( CODEC like ) 0001 0009 X_Nbit equ 1 ; if ( X_Nbit==1) # of data bits ( Transmission ) is 8 else 7 0001 0010 R_Nbit equ 1 ; if ( R_Nbit==1) # of data bits ( Reception ) is 8 else 7 0011 ; 0000 0012 SB2 equ 0 ; if SB2 = 0 then 1 Stop Bit 0013 ; ; if SB2 = 1 then 2 Stop Bit 0014 ;***************************************************************** 0015 ; Transmit & Receive Test Bit Assignments 0016 ; 0000 0017 X_flag equ 0 ; Bit 0 of FlagRX 0002 0018 R_flag equ 2 ; Bit 1 of FlagRX 0003 0019 S_flag equ 3 ; Bit 2 of FlagRX 0004 0020 BitXsb equ 4 ; Bit 3 of FlagRX 0005 0021 A_flag equ 5 0006 0022 S_bit equ 6 ; Xmt Stop Bit Flag( for 2/1 Stop bits ) 0023 ; AN510 DS00510D-page 12 ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. 0001 0024 R_done equ 1 ; When Reception complete, this bit is SET 0000 0025 X_done equ X_flag ; When Xmission complete, this bit is Cleared 0026 ; 0000 0027 DX equ 0 ; Transmit Pin ( Bit 0 of Port A ) 0001 0028 DR equ 1 ; Reciive Pin ( Bit 1 of Port A ) 0029 ; 0030 ;********************* Data RAM Assignments ****************** 0031 ; 0032 ORG 08H ; Dummy Origin 0033 ; 0008 0001 0034 RcvReg RES 1 ; Data received 0009 0001 0035 XmtReg RES 1 ; Data to be transmitted 000A 0001 0036 Xcount RES 1 ; Counter for #of Bits Transmitted 000B 0001 0037 Rcount RES 1 ; Counter for #of Bits to be Received 000C 0001 0038 DlyCnt RES 1 ; Counter for Delay constant 000D 0001 0039 FlagRX RES 1 ; Transmit & Receive test flag hold register 0040 ;______________________________________________________________ 0041 ; Constants 19200 9600 4800 2400 1200 0042 ; ( @ 20 Mhz ) 0043 ;______________________________________________________________ 0044 ; K0 0 13 57 143 317* 0045 ; K1 49 98 184 358* 705* 0046 ; K2 34 60 103 191 364* 0047 ; K3 27 53 96 184 357* 0048 ; K4 29 55 98 186 359* 0049 ; K5 30 56 99 187 360* 0050 ; K6 0 0 0 0 0 0051 ; K7 56 104 190 365* 712* 0052 ; 0053 ; User Cycles 118 260 521 1042 2083 0054 ; ************************************************************* 0055 ; 0056 ; 0057 ;______________________________________________________________ 0058 ; Constants 19200 9600 4800 2400 1200 0059 ; ( @ 8 Mhz ) 0060 ;______________________________________________________________ 0061 ; K0 -- 0 5 39 109 0062 ; K1 -- 39 80 150 288* 0063 ; K2 -- 27 51 86 155 0064 ; K3 -- 21 44 80 148 0065 ; K4 -- 23 46 82 150 0066 ; K5 -- 24 47 83 151 0067 ; K6 -- 0 0 0 0 0068 ; K7 -- 45 86 156 295* 0069 ; 0070 ; User_Cycles -- 86 208 416 832 0071 ; ************************************************************* 0072 ; 0073 ;______________________________________________________________ 0074 ; Constants 19200 9600 4800 2400 1200 0075 ; ( @ 4 Mhz ) 0076 ;______________________________________________________________ 0077 ; K0 -- -- 0 5 39 0078 ; K1 -- -- 39 80 150 0079 ; K2 -- -- 27 51 86 0080 ; K3 -- -- 21 44 80 0081 ; K4 -- -- 23 46 82 0082 ; K5 -- -- 24 47 83 0083 ; K6 -- -- 0 0 0 0084 ; K7 -- -- 45 86 156 0085 ; 0086 ; User_Cycles -- -- 86 208 416 0087 ; ************************************************************* 0088 0089 ; ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510D-page 13 AN510 0090 ; The constants marked " * " are >255. To implement these constants 0091 ; in delay loops, the delay loop should be broken into 2 or more 0092 ; loops. For example, 357 = 255+102. So 2 delay loops, one with 255 0093 ; and the other with 102 may be used. 0094 ;**************************************************************** 0095 ; Set Delay Constants for 9600 Baud @ CLKIN = 8 Mhz 0096 ; 0000 0097 K0 EQU .0 0027 0098 K1 EQU .39 001B 0099 K2 EQU .27 0015 0100 K3 EQU .21 0017 0101 K4 EQU .23 0018 0102 K5 EQU .24 0000 0103 K6 EQU .0 002D 0104 K7 EQU .45 0105 ; 0106 ;***************************************************************** 0107 0055 0056 ; 0057 ORG 0 0058 ;***************************************************************** 0059 ; 0000 0C01 0060 Delay movlw K0+1 0001 002C 0061 movwf DlyCnt ; Total Delay = 3K+6 0002 02EC 0062 redo decfsz DlyCnt,Same 0003 0A02 0063 goto redo 0004 0800 0064 retlw 0 0065 ; 0005 002C 0066 Delay1 movwf DlyCnt 0006 02EC 0067 redo_1 decfsz DlyCnt,Same ; 0007 0A06 0068 goto redo_1 0008 0A8D 0069 goto User 0070 ; 0009 002C 0071 Delay2 movwf DlyCnt 000A 02EC 0072 redo_2 decfsz DlyCnt,Same ; Delay = = 260 Cycles 000B 0A0A 0073 goto redo_2 000C 0A67 0074 goto User_1 0075 ; 000D 0625 0076 R_strt btfsc Port_A,DR ; check for a Start Bit 000E 0A17 0077 goto ShellY ; delay for 104/2 uS 000F 042D 0078 bcf FlagRX,R_done ; Reset Receive done flag 0010 054D 0079 bsf FlagRX,R_flag ; Set flag for Reception in Progress 0011 078D 0080 btfss FlagRX,BitXsb 0012 05AD 0081 bsf FlagRX,A_flag ; A_flag is for start bit detected in R_strt 0013 0068 0082 clrf RcvReg ; Clear all bits of RcvReg 0083 IF R_Nbit 0014 0C08 0084 movlw 8 ; 8 Data bits 0085 ELSE 0086 movlw 7 ; 7 data bits 0087 ENDIF 0015 002B 0088 movwf Rcount 0016 0A78 0089 goto Shell ; delay for 104+104/4 0090 ; 0017 078D 0091 ShellY btfss FlagRX,BitXsb 0018 0A78 0092 goto Shell 0019 054D 0093 bsf FlagRX,R_flag 001A 0A78 0094 goto Shell 0095 ; 001B 0403 0096 R_next bcf STATUS,CARRY 0097 IF R_MODE 001C 0328 0098 rrf RcvReg,Same ; to set if MSB first or LSB first 0099 ELSE 0100 rlf RcvReg,Same 0101 ENDIF 001D 0625 0102 btfsc Port_A,DR AN510 DS00510D-page 14 ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. 0103 IF R_MODE 0104 IF R_Nbit 001E 05E8 0105 bsf RcvReg,MSB ; Conditional Assembly 0106 ELSE 0107 bsf RcvReg,MSB-1 0108 ENDIF 0109 ELSE 0110 bsf RcvReg,LSB 0111 ENDIF 001F 02EB 0112 decfsz Rcount,Same 0020 0A78 0113 goto Shell 0021 044D 0114 bcf FlagRX,R_flag 0022 056D 0115 bsf FlagRX,S_flag 0023 052D 0116 bsf FlagRX,R_done 0024 0A78 0117 goto Shell 0118 ; 0119 ; Reception Done 0120 ; 0025 0405 0121 X_strt bcf Port_A,DX ; Send Start Bit 0122 IF X_Nbit 0026 0C08 0123 movlw 8 0124 ELSE 0125 movlw 7 0126 ENDIF 0027 002A 0127 movwf Xcount 0128 IF X_MODE 0129 ELSE 0130 IF X_Nbit 0131 ELSE 0132 rlf XmtReg,Same 0133 ENDIF 0134 ENDIF 0028 0A50 0135 goto X_SB 0136 ; 0029 0403 0137 X_next bcf STATUS,CARRY 0138 IF X_MODE 002A 0329 0139 rrf XmtReg,Same ; Conditional Assembly 0140 ELSE ; to set if MSB first or LSB first 0141 rlf XmtReg,Same 0142 ENDIF 002B 0603 0143 btfsc STATUS,CARRY 002C 0505 0144 bsf Port_A,DX 002D 0703 0145 btfss STATUS,CARRY 002E 0405 0146 bcf Port_A,DX 002F 00EA 0147 decf Xcount,Same 0030 0A52 0148 goto X_Data 0149 ; 0031 040D 0150 X_SB_1 bcf FlagRX,X_flag ; Xmt flag = 0 -- transmission over 0032 0C09 0151 movlw 9 0033 002A 0152 movwf Xcount 0034 0505 0153 bsf Port_A,DX ; Send Stop Bit 0035 0A60 0154 goto X_Stop 0155 ; 0036 0505 0156 X_SB_2 bsf Port_A,DX 0037 04CD 0157 bcf FlagRX,S_bit 0038 0A60 0158 goto X_Stop 0159 ; 0160 ; End of Transmission 0161 ; 0039 076D 0162 R0_X0 btfss FlagRX,S_flag 003A 0A8D 0163 goto User 003B 046D 0164 bcf FlagRX,S_flag 003C 0900 0165 call Delay 003D 0C2E 0166 movlw K7+1 003E 0A05 0167 goto Delay1 0168 ; ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510D-page 15 AN510 0169 R1_X0 003F 0900 0170 call Delay 0040 0C28 0171 movlw K1+1 ; delay for 1st bit is 104+104/4 0041 002C 0172 movwf DlyCnt 0173 IF R_Nbit 0042 0C08 0174 movlw 8 ; 8 Data bits 0175 ELSE 0176 movlw 7 ; 7 data bits 0177 ENDIF 0043 018B 0178 xorwf Rcount,W 0044 0643 0179 btfsc STATUS,Z_bit 0045 0A06 0180 goto redo_1 0046 0C1C 0181 movlw K2+1 0047 0A05 0182 goto Delay1 0183 ; 0184 R1_X1 ; same as R0_X1 0048 0C09 0185 R0_X1 movlw 9 0049 008A 0186 subwf Xcount,W 004A 0643 0187 btfsc STATUS,Z_bit 004B 0A25 0188 goto X_strt 004C 022A 0189 movf Xcount,Same ; to check if All data bits Xmted 004D 0743 0190 btfss STATUS,Z_bit 004E 0A29 0191 goto X_next 0192 IF SB2 0193 btfsc FlagRX,S_bit 0194 goto X_SB_2 0195 bsf FlagRX,S_bit 0196 goto X_SB_1 0197 ELSE 004F 0A31 0198 goto X_SB_1 0199 ENDIF 0200 ; 0201 ; 0050 0A51 0202 X_SB goto cycle4 0051 0A52 0203 cycle4 goto X_Data 0204 ; 0052 06AD 0205 X_Data btfsc FlagRX,A_flag 0053 0A59 0206 goto SbDly 0054 068D 0207 btfsc FlagRX,BitXsb 0055 0A5D 0208 goto ABC 0056 0900 0209 call Delay 0057 0C16 0210 movlw K3+1 0058 0A09 0211 goto Delay2 0212 ; 0059 04AD 0213 SbDly bcf FlagRX,A_flag 005A 0900 0214 call Delay 005B 0C18 0215 movlw K4+1 005C 0A09 0216 goto Delay2 0217 ; 005D 048D 0218 ABC bcf FlagRX,BitXsb 005E 0900 0219 call Delay 005F 0A67 0220 goto User_1 0221 ; 0222 X_Stop 0060 06AD 0223 btfsc FlagRX,A_flag 0061 0A59 0224 goto SbDly 0062 068D 0225 btfsc FlagRX,BitXsb 0063 0A5D 0226 goto ABC 0064 0900 0227 call Delay 0065 0C19 0228 movlw K5+1 0066 0A09 0229 goto Delay2 0230 ; 0067 064D 0231 User_1 btfsc FlagRX,R_flag 0068 0A77 0232 goto Sync_1 ; Reception already in progress 0069 066D 0233 btfsc FlagRX,S_flag 006A 0A74 0234 goto Sync_3 AN510 DS00510D-page 16 ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. 006B 0625 0235 btfsc Port_A,DR ; check for a Start Bit 006C 0A77 0236 goto Sync_2 ; No Start Bit - goto User routine 006D 042D 0237 bcf FlagRX,R_done ; Reset Receive done flag 006E 044D 0238 bcf FlagRX,R_flag 006F 058D 0239 bsf FlagRX,BitXsb ; Set flag for Reception in Progress 0070 0068 0240 clrf RcvReg ; Clear all bits of RcvReg 0241 IF R_Nbit 0071 0C08 0242 movlw 8 ; 8 Data bits 0243 ELSE 0244 movlw 7 ; 7 data bits 0245 ENDIF 0072 002B 0246 movwf Rcount 0073 0A8D 0247 goto User 0248 ; 0074 046D 0249 Sync_3 bcf FlagRX,S_flag 0075 0C01 0250 movlw K6+1 0076 0A05 0251 goto Delay1 0252 ; 0253 Sync_1 0077 0A8D 0254 Sync_2 goto User 0255 ; 0256 ;***************************************************************** 0257 ; 0078 064D 0258 Shell btfsc FlagRX,R_flag 0079 0A7D 0259 goto Chek_X 007A 060D 0260 btfsc FlagRX,X_flag 007B 0A48 0261 goto R0_X1 007C 0A39 0262 goto R0_X0 ; Case for R0_X0 007D 060D 0263 Chek_X btfsc FlagRX,X_flag 007E 0A48 0264 goto R1_X1 007F 0A3F 0265 goto R1_X0 0266 ; 0267 ; 0268 ;***************************************************************** 0269 ; Operating System 0270 ; The User routine after time = B/2, should branch Here 0271 ; 0080 074D 0272 Op_Sys btfss FlagRX,R_flag 0081 0A0D 0273 goto R_strt 0082 0A1B 0274 goto R_next 0275 ; 0276 ;***************************************************************** 0277 ; 0083 0C0E 0278 main movlw 0EH ; Bit 0 of Port A is Output 0084 0005 0279 tris Port_A ; Set Port_A.0 as output ( DX ) 0280 ; & Port_A.1 is input ( DR ) 0085 0505 0281 bsf Port_A,DX 0086 0C09 0282 movlw 9 0087 002A 0283 movwf Xcount ; If Xcount == 9, Then send start bit 0088 006D 0284 clrf FlagRX ; Clear All flag bits. 0285 IF SB2 0286 bsf FlagRX,S_bit ; Set Xmt Stop bit flag(2 Stop Bits) 0287 ELSE 0089 04CD 0288 bcf FlagRX,S_bit ; Clear Xmt Stop bit flag 0289 ENDIF 008A 0C1F 0290 movlw 1FH ; Prescaler = 4 008B 0002 0291 OPTION ; Set RTCC increment on internal Clock 008C 0A80 0292 goto Op_Sys 0293 ; 0294 ;***************************************************************** 0295 ; 0296 ; ******************* User Routine *************** 0297 ; The User routine should use up time exactly = User time as given 0298 ; in the Constants Table ( or by Equations for constants ). 0299 ; At 9600, this 86 Clock Cycles. RTCC timer is used here to count 0300 ; upto 86 cycles ( From 128-86 To 0 ) by examining Bit 7 of RTCC. ? 1995 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510D-page 17 AN510 0301 ; 0030 0302 K_user equ .128+.6-.86 0303 ; 008D 0C30 0304 User movlw K_user 008E 0021 0305 movwf RTCC 008F 062D 0306 btfsc FlagRX,R_done 0090 0A97 0307 goto ErrChk 0091 060D 0308 SetXmt btfsc FlagRX,X_flag 0092 0A9C 0309 goto Op 0093 0C41 0310 movlw 41H 0094 0029 0311 movwf XmtReg 0095 050D 0312 bsf FlagRX,X_flag ; Enable Xmission 0096 0A9C 0313 goto Op 0314 ; 0315 ErrChk 0097 0C5A 0316 movlw "Z" 0098 0188 0317 xorwf RcvReg,W 0099 0643 0318 btfsc STATUS,Z_bit 009A 0A91 0319 goto SetXmt 009B 0A9B 0320 error goto error ; Received word is not "Z" 0321 ; 009C 07E1 0322 Op btfss RTCC,MSB ; Test for RTCC bit 7 009D 0A9C 0323 goto Op ; If Set, Then RTCC has incremented 009E 0A80 0324 Oflow goto Op_Sys ; to 128. 0325 ; 0326 ; *********************************************************** 0327 ; 0328 ORG PIC54 01FF 0A83 0329 goto main 0330 0331 END 0332 0333 MEMORY USAGE MAP (`X' = Used, `-' = Unused) 0000 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 0040 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 0080 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX- ---------------- ---------------- 00C0 : ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- 0180 : ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- 01C0 : ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- --------------X All other memory blocks unused. 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