Implementation of an Asynchronous Serial I/O

? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510E-page 1 INTRODUCTION The PIC16C5X series from Microchip Technology Inc., are 8-bit, high-speed, EPROM-based microcontrollers. This application note describes an implementation of an asynchronous serial I/O using a PIC16C5X micro- controller. These microcontrollers can operate at very high speeds with a minimum cycle time of 200 ns @ 20 MHz input clock. Many microcontroller applica- tions require chip-to-chip serial data communications. Since the PIC16C5X series has no on-chip serial ports, serial communication has to be performed in software. For many cost-sensitive high volume applications, implementation of a serial I/O through software pro- vides a more cost effective solution than dedicated logic. This application note provides code for the PIC16C5X to simulate a serial port using two I/O pins (one as input for reception and the other as output for transmission). Author: Amar Palacherla Microchip Technology Inc. IMPLEMENTATION Two programs are provided in this application note. One program (Appendix B) simulates full duplex RS-232 communication and the other (Appendix A) provides implementation of half-duplex communication. Using half-duplex, baud rates up to 19200 can be implemented using an 8 MHz input clock. For full-duplex, the software can handle up to 9600 baud at 8 MHz and 19200 baud at 20 MHz, one or two stop bits, eight or seven data bits, no Parity and can transmit or receive with either LSb first (normal mode) or MSb first (CODEC-like mode). It should be noted that the higher the input clock the better the resolution. These options should be set up during assembly time and not during run time.The user simply has to change the header file for the required communication options. The software does not provide any handshaking protocols. With minor modifications, the user may incorporate software handshaking using XON/XOFF. To implement hard- ware handshaking, an additional two digital I/O pins may be used as RTS (ready to send) and CTS (clear to send) lines. AN510 Implementation of an Asynchronous Serial I/O AN510 DS00510E-page 2 ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Figure 1 shows a flowchart for serial transmission and Figure 2 shows a flowchart for reception. The flowcharts show case transmission/reception with LSb first and eight data bits. For reception, the data receive pin, DR, is polled approximately every B/2 seconds (52 ?s for 9600 baud) to detect the start bit, where B is the time duration of one bit (B = 1/Baud). If a start bit is found, then the first data bit is checked for after 1.25B seconds. From then on, the other data bits are checked every B seconds (104 ?s for 9600 baud). In the case of transmission, first a start bit is sent by set- ting the transmit data pin, DX, to zero for B seconds, and from then on the DX pin is set/cleared corresponding to the data bit every B seconds. Assembly language code corresponding to the following flowcharts is given in Example 1 and Example 2. FIGURE 1: TRANSMISSION FLOWCHART Input Load Xmit Reg X-Count = 8 DX pin = 0 Delay Right Shift Xmt reg DX pin = 1 X-Count = X-Count - 1 DX pin = 0 Transmission Over Is Carry = 1? Is X-Count = 0? No Yes No Yes FIGURE 2: RECEPTION FLOWCHART Input Test Pin DR Is DR = 0? R - Count = 8 Rcv Reg = 0 Delay Clear Carry bit Right Shift Rcv Reg Test Pin DR Is DR = 1? Set MSb of Rcv Reg R-Count = R-Count - 1 Is R-Count = 0? Stop Yes No Start Bit Detected No Yes Yes No ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510E-page 3 AN510 EXAMPLE 1: TRANSMIT ASSEMBLY CODE (CORRESPONDING TO FIGURE 1) EXAMPLE 2: RECEIVE ASSEMBLY CODE (CORRESPONDING TO FIGURE 2) ;********************* Transmitter***************************** Xmtr movlw 8 ; Assume XmtReg contains data to be Xmted movwf XCount ; 8 data bits bcf Port_A,DX ; Send Start Bit X_next call Delay ; Delay for B/2 Seconds rrf XmtReg btfsc STATUS,CARRY ; Test the bit to be transmitted bsf Port_A,DX ; Bit is a one btfss STATUS,CARRY bcf Port_A,DX ; Bit is zero decfsz Count ; If count = 0, then transmit a stop bit goto X_next ; transmit next bit ; X_Stop call Delay bsf Port_A,DX ; Send Stop Bit X_Over goto X_Over ;**************** Receiver ********************* ; Rcvr btfsc Port_A,DR ; Test for Start Bit goto Rcvr ; Start Bit not found movlw 8 ; Start Bit Detected movwf RCount ; 8 Data Bits clrf RcvReg ; Receive Data Register R_next call Delay ; Delay for B/2 Seconds, B=Time duration of ; 1bit bcf STATUS,CARRY ; Clear CARRY bit rrf RcvReg ; to set if MSB first or LSB first btfsc Port_A,DR ; Is the bit a zero or one ? bsf RcvReg,MSB ; Bit is a one call Delay decfsz RCount goto R_next R_Over goto R_Over ; Reception done The software is organized such that the communication software acts as a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) which gives control to the user routine for a cer- tain time interval. After this predetermined time slot, the user must give back control to the Operating System. This is true only in the case of full-duplex implementa- tion. Timing considerations are such that the user gets control for approximately half the time of the bit rate and the rest of the time is used up by the Operating System (and software delays). Please refer to Table 1 for the delay constants and the time the user gets using an 8 MHz input clock. Delay constants and the time that the user gets at 20 MHz and 4 MHz input clock speeds are given in the source code listing of the full-duplex rou- tine. At frequencies other than 4, 8, or 20 MHz, the delay constants and the time the user gets can be com- puted from the equations given in Equation 1. FIGURE 3: FULL-DUPLEX BLOCK DIAGRAM RTOS User Xmtr Rcur AN510 DS00510E-page 4 ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. EQUATION 1: EQUATIONS FOR DELAY CONSTANTS TABLE 1: DELAY CONSTANTS AT 8 MHZ INPUT CLOCK TABLE 2: DELAY CONSTANTS AT 20 MHZ INPUT CLOCK For example, if the baud rate selected is 9600 bps (@ 8 MHz), then the total time frame for one bit is approximately 104 ?s. Out of this 104 ?s, 61 ?s are used by the Operating System and the other 43 ?s are available to the user. It is the user's responsibility to return control to the Operating System exactly after the time specified in Table 1. For very accurate timing (with resolution up to one clock cycle) the user may set up Timer0 with the Prescaler option for calculating the real-time. With TMR0 configured to increment on inter- nal CLKOUT (500 ns @ 8 MHz CLKIN) and the pres- caler assigned to it, very accurate and long timing delay loops may be assigned. This method of attaining accu- Note: CLKOUT = FOSC/4 Baud_Cycles = Clkout/Baud; User_time = Baud_Cycles ? (float) 0.5; K0 = (1.25 ? Baud_Cycles - 2.0 ? User_time - 89)/3.0; IF (K0 ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510E-page 5 AN510 SUMMARY The PIC16C5X family of microcontrollers allow users to implement half or full duplex RS-232 communication in software. AN510 DS00510E-page 6 ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. APPENDIX A: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE FOR HALF DUPLEX MPASM 01.40 Released HALF_DUP.ASM 1-16-1997 11:48:17 PAGE 1 LOC OBJECT CODE LINE SOURCE TEXT VALUE 00001 LIST P = 16C54, n = 66 00002 ; 00003 ;********************************************************************* 00004 ; RS-232 Communication With PIC16C54 00005 ; 00006 ; Half Duplex Asynchronous Communication 00007 ; 00008 ; This program has been tested at Bauds from 1200 to 19200 Baud 00009 ; ( @ 8,16,20 Mhz CLKIN ) 00010 ; 00011 ; As a test, this program will echo back the data that has been 00012 ; received. 00013 ; 00014 ; Program: HALF_DUP.ASM 00015 ; Revision Date: 00016 ; 1-13-97 Compatibility with MPASMWIN 1.40 00017 ; 00018 ;******************************************************************** 00019 ; 00020 INCLUDE 00001 LIST 00002 ; P16C5X.INC Standard Header File, Ver. 3.30 Microchip Technology, Inc. 00224 LIST 00021 000001FF 00022 PIC54 equ 1FFH ; Define Reset Vector 00000001 00023 Same equ 1 00000007 00024 MSB equ 7 00025 00026 ;***************** Communication Parameters ********************** 00027 ; 00000001 00028 X_MODE equ 1 ; If ( X_MODE==1) Then transmit LSB first 00029 ; if ( X_MODE==0) Then transmit MSB first (CODEC like) 00000001 00030 R_MODE equ 1 ; If ( R_MODE==1) Then receive LSB first 00031 ; if ( X_MODE==0) Then receive MSB first (CODEC like) 00000001 00032 X_Nbit equ 1 ; if (X_Nbit==1) # of data bits (Transmission is 8 else 7 00000001 00033 R_Nbit equ 1 ; if (R_Nbit==1) # of data bits (Reception) is 8 else 7 00034 ; 00000000 00035 Sbit2 equ 0 ; if Sbit2 = 0 then 1 Stop Bit else 2 Stop Bits 00036 ; 00037 ;******************************************************************** 00000005 00038 X_flag equ PA0 ; Bit 5 of F3 ( PA0 ) 00000006 00039 R_flag equ PA1 ; Bit 6 of F3 ( PA1 ) 00040 ; 00000000 00041 DX equ 0 ; Transmit Pin ( Bit 0 of Port A ) 00000001 00042 DR equ 1 ; Reciive Pin ( Bit 1 of Port A ) 00043 ; 00044 ; 00000044 00045 BAUD_1 equ .68 ; 3+3X = CLKOUT/Baud 00000043 00046 BAUD_2 equ .67 ; 6+3X = CLKOUT/Baud 00000022 00047 BAUD_3 equ .34 ; 3+3X = 0.5*CLKOUT/Baud 00000056 00048 BAUD_4 equ .86 ; 3+3X = 1.25*CLKOUT/Baud 00000042 00049 BAUD_X equ .66 ; 11+3X = CLKOUT/Baud 00000042 00050 BAUD_Y equ .66 ; 9 +3X = CLKOUT/Baud Please check the Microchip BBS for the latest version of the source code. Microchip's Worldwide Web Address: www.microchip.com; Bulletin Board Support: MCHIPBBS using CompuServe? (CompuServe membership not required). ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510E-page 7 AN510 00051 ; 00052 ;************************ Data RAM Assignments ********************* 00053 ; 0008 00054 ORG 08H ; Dummy Origin 00055 ; 0008 00056 RcvReg RES 1 ; Data received 0009 00057 XmtReg RES 1 ; Data to be transmitted 000A 00058 Count RES 1 ; Counter for #of Bits Transmitted 000B 00059 DlyCnt RES 1 00060 ;*************************************************************** 00061 ; 0000 00062 ORG 0 00063 ; 0000 0068 00064 Talk clrf RcvReg ; Clear all bits of RcvReg 0001 0625 00065 btfsc PORTA,DR ; check for a Start Bit 0002 0A30 00066 goto User ; delay for 104/2 uS 0003 0923 00067 call Delay4 ; delay for 104+104/4 00068 ;*************************************************************** 00069 ; Receiver 00070 ; 0004 00071 Rcvr 00072 IF R_Nbit 0004 0C08 00073 movlw 8 ; 8 Data bits 00074 ELSE 00075 movlw 7 ; 7 data bits 00076 ENDIF 00077 ; 0005 002A 00078 movwf Count 0006 0403 00079 R_next bcf STATUS,C 00080 IF R_MODE 0007 0328 00081 rrf RcvReg,Same ; to set if MSB first or LSB first 00082 ELSE 00083 rlf RcvReg,Same 00084 ENDIF 0008 0625 00085 btfsc PORTA,DR 00086 ; 00087 IF R_MODE 00088 IF R_Nbit 0009 05E8 00089 bsf RcvReg,MSB ; Conditional Assembly 00090 ELSE 00091 bsf RcvReg,MSB-1 00092 ENDIF 00093 ELSE 00094 bsf RcvReg,LSB 00095 ENDIF 00096 ; 000A 091F 00097 call DelayY 000B 02EA 00098 decfsz Count,Same 000C 0A06 00099 goto R_next 00100 ;**************************************************** 000D 0208 00101 R_over movf RcvReg,0 ; Send back What is Just Received 000E 0029 00102 movwf XmtReg 00103 ;**************************************************** 00104 ; Transmitter 00105 ; 000F 00106 Xmtr 00107 IF X_Nbit 000F 0C08 00108 movlw 8 00109 ELSE 00110 movlw 7 00111 ENDIF 0010 002A 00112 movwf Count 00113 ; 00114 IF X_MODE 00115 ELSE 00116 IF X_Nbit AN510 DS00510E-page 8 ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. 00117 ELSE 00118 rlf XmtReg,Same 00119 ENDIF 00120 ENDIF 00121 ; 0011 0405 00122 bcf PORTA,DX ; Send Start Bit 0012 0925 00123 call Delay1 0013 0403 00124 X_next bcf STATUS,C 00125 ; 00126 IF X_MODE 0014 0329 00127 rrf XmtReg,Same ; Conditional Assembly 00128 ELSE ; to set if MSB first or LSB first 00129 rlf XmtReg,Same 00130 ENDIF 00131 ; 0015 0603 00132 btfsc STATUS,C 0016 0505 00133 bsf PORTA,DX 0017 0703 00134 btfss STATUS,C 0018 0405 00135 bcf PORTA,DX 0019 0921 00136 call DelayX 001A 02EA 00137 decfsz Count,Same 001B 0A13 00138 goto X_next 001C 0505 00139 bsf PORTA,DX ; Send Stop Bit 001D 0925 00140 call Delay1 00141 ; 00142 IF Sbit2 00143 bsf PORTA,DX 00144 call Delay1 00145 ENDIF 00146 ; 001E 0A00 00147 goto Talk ; Back To Reception & Transmision 00148 ; 00149 ; End of Transmission 00150 ; 001F 0C42 00151 DelayY movlw BAUD_Y 0020 0A28 00152 goto save 0021 0C42 00153 DelayX movlw BAUD_X 0022 0A28 00154 goto save 0023 0C56 00155 Delay4 movlw BAUD_4 0024 0A28 00156 goto save 0025 0C44 00157 Delay1 movlw BAUD_1 ; 104 uS for 9600 baud 0026 0A28 00158 goto save 0027 0C43 00159 Delay2 movlw BAUD_2 0028 002B 00160 save movwf DlyCnt 0029 02EB 00161 redo_1 decfsz DlyCnt,Same 002A 0A29 00162 goto redo_1 002B 0800 00163 retlw 0 00164 ; 002C 0C0E 00165 main movlw 0EH ; Bit 0 of Port A is Output 002D 0005 00166 tris PORTA ; Set PORTA.0 as output ( DX ) 002E 0525 00167 bsf PORTA,DR 00168 ; 002F 0A00 00169 goto Talk 00170 ; 00171 ; 0030 0C22 00172 User movlw BAUD_3 0031 002B 00173 movwf DlyCnt 0032 02EB 00174 redo_2 decfsz DlyCnt,Same 0033 0A32 00175 goto redo_2 0034 0A00 00176 goto Talk ; Loop Until Start Bit Found 00177 ; 00178 ; 01FF 00179 ORG PIC54 01FF 0A2C 00180 goto main 00181 ; 00182 END ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510E-page 9 AN510 MEMORY USAGE MAP (`X' = Used, `-' = Unused) 0000 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX----------- 01C0 : ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------X All other memory blocks unused. Program Memory Words Used: 54 Program Memory Words Free: 458 Errors : 0 Warnings : 0 reported, 0 suppressed Messages : 0 reported, 0 suppressed AN510 DS00510E-page 10 ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. APPENDIX B: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE LISTING FOR FULL DUPLEX MPASM 01.40 Released RS232.ASM 1-16-1997 12:12:09 PAGE 1 LOC OBJECT CODE LINE SOURCE TEXT VALUE 00001 LIST P = 16C54, n = 66 00002 ; 00003 ;************************************************************ 00004 TITLE "RS232 Communication Using PIC16C54" 00005 ; 00006 ; Comments : 00007 ; (1) Full Duplex 00008 ; (2) Tested from 1200 to 9600 Baud( @ 8 Mhz ) 00009 ; (3) Tested from 1200 to 19200 Baud(@ 16 & 20 Mhz) 00010 ; 00011 ; The User gets a total time as specified by the User Cycles 00012 ; in the table ( or from equations ). The user routine has to 00013 ; exactly use up this amount of time. After this time the User 00014 ; routine has to give up the control to the Operating System. 00015 ; If less than 52 uS is used, then the user should wait in a 00016 ; delay loop, until exactly 52 uS. 00017 ; 00018 ; Transmission : 00019 ; Transmit Data is output on DX pin (Bit DX of PORTA). 00020 ; In the user routine, the user should load the 00021 ; data to be transmitted in the XmtReg and Set the 00022 ; X_flag ( bsf FlagRX,X_flag ). This flag gets cleared 00023 ; after the transmission. 00024 ; 00025 ; Reception : 00026 ; Data is received on pin DR ( bit DR of PORTA ). 00027 ; The User should constantly check the "R_done" flag 00028 ; to see if reception is over. If the reception is 00029 ; in progress, R_flag is set to 1. 00030 ; If the reception is over, "R_done" flag is set to 1. 00031 ; The "R_done" flag gets reset to zero when a next start 00032 ; bit is detected. So, the user should constantly check 00033 ; the R_done flag, and if SET, then the received word 00034 ; is in Register "RcvReg". This register gets cleared 00035 ; when a new start bit is detected. 00036 ; 00037 ; Program Memory : 00038 ; Total Program Memory Locations Used ( except initialization 00039 ; in "main" & User routine ) = 132 locations. 00040 ; 00041 ; Data Memory : 00042 ; Total Data memory locations (file registers used) = 6 00043 ; 2 File registers to hold Xmt Data & Rcv Data 00044 ; 1 File registers for Xmt/Rcv flag test bits 00045 ; 3 File registers for delay count & scratch pad 00046 ; 00047 ; Stack : 00048 ; Only one level of stack is used in the Operating System/RS232 00049 ; routine. But this is freed as soon as the program returns to 00050 ; the user routine. 00051 ; 00052 ; Timer0 : Not Used 00053 ; WDT : Not Used 00054 ; 00055 ; Program: RS232.ASM Please check the Microchip BBS for the latest version of the source code. Microchip's Worldwide Web Address: www.microchip.com; Bulletin Board Support: MCHIPBBS using CompuServe? (CompuServe membership not required). ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510E-page 11 AN510 00056 ; Revision Date: 00057 ; 1-16-97 Compatibility with MPASMWIN 1.40 00058 ; 00059 ;********************************************************************* 00060 ; 00061 INCLUDE 00001 LIST 00002 ; P16C5X.INC Standard Header File, Ver. 3.30 Microchip Technology, Inc. 00224 LIST 00062 000001FF 00063 PIC54 equ 1FFH ; Define Reset Vector 00000001 00064 Same equ 1 00000007 00065 MSB equ 7 00066 00067 INCLUDE 00001 ;**************************************************************** 00002 ; RS232 Communication Parameters 00003 ; 00004 ; 00000001 00005 X_MODE equ 1 ; If (X_MODE==1) Then transmit LSB first 00006 ; if (X_MODE==0) Then transmit MSB first (CODEC like) 00000001 00007 R_MODE equ 1 ; If (R_MODE==1) Then receive LSB first 00008 ; if ( R_MODE==0) Then receive MSB first (CODEC like) 00000001 00009 X_Nbit equ 1 ; if (X_Nbit==1)#of data bits (Transmission) is 8 else 7 00000001 00010 R_Nbit equ 1 ; if (R_Nbit==1) # of data bits (Reception) is 8 else 7 00011 ; 00000000 00012 SB2 equ 0 ; if SB2 = 0 then 1 Stop Bit 00013 ; ; if SB2 = 1 then 2 Stop Bit 00014 ;**************************************************************** 00015 ; Transmit & Receive Test Bit Assignments 00016 ; 00000000 00017 X_flag equ 0 ; Bit 0 of FlagRX 00000002 00018 R_flag equ 2 ; Bit 1 of FlagRX 00000003 00019 S_flag equ 3 ; Bit 2 of FlagRX 00000004 00020 BitXsb equ 4 ; Bit 3 of FlagRX 00000005 00021 A_flag equ 5 00000006 00022 S_bit equ 6 ; Xmt Stop Bit Flag( for 2/1 Stop bits ) 00023 ; 00000001 00024 R_done equ 1 ; When Reception complete, this bit is SET 00000000 00025 X_done equ X_flag ; When Xmission complete, this bit is Cleared 00026 ; 00000000 00027 DX equ 0 ; Transmit Pin ( Bit 0 of Port A ) 00000001 00028 DR equ 1 ; Receive Pin ( Bit 1 of Port A ) 00029 ; 00030 ;************************ Data RAM Assignments ********************* 00031 ; 0008 00032 ORG 08H ; Dummy Origin 00033 ; 0008 00034 RcvReg RES 1 ; Data received 0009 00035 XmtReg RES 1 ; Data to be transmitted 000A 00036 Xcount RES 1 ; Counter for #of Bits Transmitted 000B 00037 Rcount RES 1 ; Counter for #of Bits to be Received 000C 00038 DlyCnt RES 1 ; Counter for Delay constant 000D 00039 FlagRX RES 1 ; Transmit & Receive test flag hold register 00040 ;______________________________________________________________ 00041 ; Constants 19200 9600 4800 2400 1200 00042 ; ( @ 20 Mhz ) 00043 ;______________________________________________________________ 00044 ; K0 0 13 57 143 317* 00045 ; K1 49 98 184 358* 705* 00046 ; K2 34 60 103 191 364* 00047 ; K3 27 53 96 184 357* 00048 ; K4 29 55 98 186 359* 00049 ; K5 30 56 99 187 360* 00050 ; K6 0 0 0 0 0 00051 ; K7 56 104 190 365* 712* AN510 DS00510E-page 12 ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. 00052 ; 00053 ; User Cycles 118 260 521 1042 2083 00054 ; ************************************************************* 00055 ; 00056 ; 00057 ;______________________________________________________________ 00058 ; Constants 19200 9600 4800 2400 1200 00059 ; ( @ 8 Mhz ) 00060 ;______________________________________________________________ 00061 ; K0 -- 0 5 39 109 00062 ; K1 -- 39 80 150 288* 00063 ; K2 -- 27 51 86 155 00064 ; K3 -- 21 44 80 148 00065 ; K4 -- 23 46 82 150 00066 ; K5 -- 24 47 83 151 00067 ; K6 -- 0 0 0 0 00068 ; K7 -- 45 86 156 295* 00069 ; 00070 ; User_Cycles -- 86 208 416 832 00071 ; ************************************************************* 00072 ; 00073 ;______________________________________________________________ 00074 ; Constants 19200 9600 4800 2400 1200 00075 ; ( @ 4 Mhz ) 00076 ;______________________________________________________________ 00077 ; K0 -- -- 0 5 39 00078 ; K1 -- -- 39 80 150 00079 ; K2 -- -- 27 51 86 00080 ; K3 -- -- 21 44 80 00081 ; K4 -- -- 23 46 82 00082 ; K5 -- -- 24 47 83 00083 ; K6 -- -- 0 0 0 00084 ; K7 -- -- 45 86 156 00085 ; 00086 ; User_Cycles -- -- 86 208 416 00087 ; ************************************************************* 00088 00089 ; 00090 ; The constants marked " * " are >255. To implement these constants 00091 ; in delay loops, the delay loop should be broken into 2 or more loops. 00092 ; For example, 357 = 255+102. So 2 delay loops, one with 255 and 00093 ; the other with 102 may be used. 00094 ;******************************************************************** 00095 ; Set Delay Constants for 9600 Baud @ CLKIN = 8 Mhz 00096 ; 00000000 00097 K0 EQU .0 00000027 00098 K1 EQU .39 0000001B 00099 K2 EQU .27 00000015 00100 K3 EQU .21 00000017 00101 K4 EQU .23 00000018 00102 K5 EQU .24 00000000 00103 K6 EQU .0 0000002D 00104 K7 EQU .45 00105 ; 00106 ;******************************************************************** 00107 00068 ; 0000 00069 ORG 0 00070 ;******************************************************************** 00071 ; 0000 0C01 00072 Delay movlw K0+1 0001 002C 00073 movwf DlyCnt ; Total Delay = 3K+6 0002 02EC 00074 redo decfsz DlyCnt,Same 0003 0A02 00075 goto redo 0004 0800 00076 retlw 0 00077 ; ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510E-page 13 AN510 0005 002C 00078 Delay1 movwf DlyCnt 0006 02EC 00079 redo_1 decfsz DlyCnt,Same ; 0007 0A06 00080 goto redo_1 0008 0A8D 00081 goto User 00082 ; 0009 002C 00083 Delay2 movwf DlyCnt 000A 02EC 00084 redo_2 decfsz DlyCnt,Same ; Delay = = 260 Cycles 000B 0A0A 00085 goto redo_2 000C 0A67 00086 goto User_1 00087 ; 000D 0625 00088 R_strt btfsc PORTA,DR ; check for a Start Bit 000E 0A17 00089 goto ShellY ; delay for 104/2 uS 000F 042D 00090 bcf FlagRX,R_done ; Reset Receive done flag 0010 054D 00091 bsf FlagRX,R_flag ; Set flag for Reception in Progress 0011 078D 00092 btfss FlagRX,BitXsb 0012 05AD 00093 bsf FlagRX,A_flag ; A_flag is for start bit detected in R_strt 0013 0068 00094 clrf RcvReg ; Clear all bits of RcvReg 00095 IF R_Nbit 0014 0C08 00096 movlw 8 ; 8 Data bits 00097 ELSE 00098 movlw 7 ; 7 data bits 00099 ENDIF 0015 002B 00100 movwf Rcount 0016 0A78 00101 goto Shell ; delay for 104+104/4 00102 ; 0017 078D 00103 ShellY btfss FlagRX,BitXsb 0018 0A78 00104 goto Shell 0019 054D 00105 bsf FlagRX,R_flag 001A 0A78 00106 goto Shell 00107 ; 001B 0403 00108 R_next bcf STATUS,C 00109 IF R_MODE 001C 0328 00110 rrf RcvReg,Same ; to set if MSB first or LSB first 00111 ELSE 00112 rlf RcvReg,Same 00113 ENDIF 001D 0625 00114 btfsc PORTA,DR 00115 IF R_MODE 00116 IF R_Nbit 001E 05E8 00117 bsf RcvReg,MSB ; Conditional Assembly 00118 ELSE 00119 bsf RcvReg,MSB-1 00120 ENDIF 00121 ELSE 00122 bsf RcvReg,LSB 00123 ENDIF 001F 02EB 00124 decfsz Rcount,Same 0020 0A78 00125 goto Shell 0021 044D 00126 bcf FlagRX,R_flag 0022 056D 00127 bsf FlagRX,S_flag 0023 052D 00128 bsf FlagRX,R_done 0024 0A78 00129 goto Shell 00130 ; 00131 ; Reception Done 00132 ; 0025 0405 00133 X_strt bcf PORTA,DX ; Send Start Bit 00134 IF X_Nbit 0026 0C08 00135 movlw 8 00136 ELSE 00137 movlw 7 00138 ENDIF 0027 002A 00139 movwf Xcount 00140 IF X_MODE 00141 ELSE 00142 IF X_Nbit 00143 ELSE AN510 DS00510E-page 14 ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. 00144 rlf XmtReg,Same 00145 ENDIF 00146 ENDIF 0028 0A50 00147 goto X_SB 00148 ; 0029 0403 00149 X_next bcf STATUS,C 00150 IF X_MODE 002A 0329 00151 rrf XmtReg,Same ; Conditional Assembly 00152 ELSE ; to set if MSB first or LSB first 00153 rlf XmtReg,Same 00154 ENDIF 002B 0603 00155 btfsc STATUS,C 002C 0505 00156 bsf PORTA,DX 002D 0703 00157 btfss STATUS,C 002E 0405 00158 bcf PORTA,DX 002F 00EA 00159 decf Xcount,Same 0030 0A52 00160 goto X_Data 00161 ; 0031 040D 00162 X_SB_1 bcf FlagRX,X_flag ; Xmt flag = 0 -- transmission over 0032 0C09 00163 movlw 9 0033 002A 00164 movwf Xcount 0034 0505 00165 bsf PORTA,DX ; Send Stop Bit 0035 0A60 00166 goto X_Stop 00167 ; 0036 0505 00168 X_SB_2 bsf PORTA,DX 0037 04CD 00169 bcf FlagRX,S_bit 0038 0A60 00170 goto X_Stop 00171 ; 00172 ; End of Transmission 00173 ; 0039 076D 00174 R0_X0 btfss FlagRX,S_flag 003A 0A8D 00175 goto User 003B 046D 00176 bcf FlagRX,S_flag 003C 0900 00177 call Delay 003D 0C2E 00178 movlw K7+1 003E 0A05 00179 goto Delay1 00180 ; 003F 00181 R1_X0 003F 0900 00182 call Delay 0040 0C28 00183 movlw K1+1 ; delay for 1st bit is 104+104/4 0041 002C 00184 movwf DlyCnt 00185 IF R_Nbit 0042 0C08 00186 movlw 8 ; 8 Data bits 00187 ELSE 00188 movlw 7 ; 7 data bits 00189 ENDIF 0043 018B 00190 xorwf Rcount,W 0044 0643 00191 btfsc STATUS,Z 0045 0A06 00192 goto redo_1 0046 0C1C 00193 movlw K2+1 0047 0A05 00194 goto Delay1 00195 ; 0048 00196 R1_X1 ; same as R0_X1 0048 0C09 00197 R0_X1 movlw 9 0049 008A 00198 subwf Xcount,W 004A 0643 00199 btfsc STATUS,Z 004B 0A25 00200 goto X_strt 004C 022A 00201 movf Xcount,Same ; to check if All data bits Xmted 004D 0743 00202 btfss STATUS,Z 004E 0A29 00203 goto X_next 00204 IF SB2 00205 btfsc FlagRX,S_bit 00206 goto X_SB_2 00207 bsf FlagRX,S_bit 00208 goto X_SB_1 00209 ELSE ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510E-page 15 AN510 004F 0A31 00210 goto X_SB_1 00211 ENDIF 00212 ; 00213 ; 0050 0A51 00214 X_SB goto cycle4 0051 0A52 00215 cycle4 goto X_Data 00216 ; 0052 06AD 00217 X_Data btfsc FlagRX,A_flag 0053 0A59 00218 goto SbDly 0054 068D 00219 btfsc FlagRX,BitXsb 0055 0A5D 00220 goto ABC 0056 0900 00221 call Delay 0057 0C16 00222 movlw K3+1 0058 0A09 00223 goto Delay2 00224 ; 0059 04AD 00225 SbDly bcf FlagRX,A_flag 005A 0900 00226 call Delay 005B 0C18 00227 movlw K4+1 005C 0A09 00228 goto Delay2 00229 ; 005D 048D 00230 ABC bcf FlagRX,BitXsb 005E 0900 00231 call Delay 005F 0A67 00232 goto User_1 00233 ; 0060 00234 X_Stop 0060 06AD 00235 btfsc FlagRX,A_flag 0061 0A59 00236 goto SbDly 0062 068D 00237 btfsc FlagRX,BitXsb 0063 0A5D 00238 goto ABC 0064 0900 00239 call Delay 0065 0C19 00240 movlw K5+1 0066 0A09 00241 goto Delay2 00242 ; 0067 064D 00243 User_1 btfsc FlagRX,R_flag 0068 0A77 00244 goto Sync_1 ; Reception already in progress 0069 066D 00245 btfsc FlagRX,S_flag 006A 0A74 00246 goto Sync_3 006B 0625 00247 btfsc PORTA,DR ; check for a Start Bit 006C 0A77 00248 goto Sync_2 ; No Start Bit - goto User routine 006D 042D 00249 bcf FlagRX,R_done ; Reset Receive done flag 006E 044D 00250 bcf FlagRX,R_flag 006F 058D 00251 bsf FlagRX,BitXsb ; Set flag for Reception in Progress 0070 0068 00252 clrf RcvReg ; Clear all bits of RcvReg 00253 IF R_Nbit 0071 0C08 00254 movlw 8 ; 8 Data bits 00255 ELSE 00256 movlw 7 ; 7 data bits 00257 ENDIF 0072 002B 00258 movwf Rcount 0073 0A8D 00259 goto User 00260 ; 0074 046D 00261 Sync_3 bcf FlagRX,S_flag 0075 0C01 00262 movlw K6+1 0076 0A05 00263 goto Delay1 00264 ; 0077 00265 Sync_1 0077 0A8D 00266 Sync_2 goto User 00267 ; 00268 ;******************************************************************** 00269 ; 0078 064D 00270 Shell btfsc FlagRX,R_flag 0079 0A7D 00271 goto Chek_X 007A 060D 00272 btfsc FlagRX,X_flag 007B 0A48 00273 goto R0_X1 007C 0A39 00274 goto R0_X0 ; Case for R0_X0 007D 060D 00275 Chek_X btfsc FlagRX,X_flag AN510 DS00510E-page 16 ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. 007E 0A48 00276 goto R1_X1 007F 0A3F 00277 goto R1_X0 00278 ; 00279 ; 00280 ;******************************************************************** 00281 ; Operating System 00282 ; The User routine after time = B/2, should branch Here 00283 ; 0080 074D 00284 Op_Sys btfss FlagRX,R_flag 0081 0A0D 00285 goto R_strt 0082 0A1B 00286 goto R_next 00287 ; 00288 ;******************************************************************** 00289 ; 0083 0C0E 00290 main movlw 0EH ; Bit 0 of Port A is Output 0084 0005 00291 tris PORTA ; Set PORTA.0 as output ( DX ) 00292 ; & PORTA.1 is input ( DR ) 0085 0505 00293 bsf PORTA,DX 0086 0C09 00294 movlw 9 0087 002A 00295 movwf Xcount ; If Xcount == 9, Then send start bit 0088 006D 00296 clrf FlagRX ; Clear All flag bits. 00297 IF SB2 00298 bsf FlagRX,S_bit ; Set Xmt Stop bit flag(2 Stop Bits) 00299 ELSE 0089 04CD 00300 bcf FlagRX,S_bit ; Clear Xmt Stop bit flag 00301 ENDIF 008A 0C1F 00302 movlw 1FH ; Prescaler = 4 008B 0002 00303 OPTION ; Set TMR0 increment on internal Clock 008C 0A80 00304 goto Op_Sys 00305 ; 00306 ;******************************************************************** 00307 ; 00308 ; ******************* User Routine *************** 00309 ; The User routine should use up time exactly = User time as given 00310 ; in the Constants Table ( or by Equations for constants ). 00311 ; At 9600, this 86 Clock Cycles. TMR0 timer is used here to count 00312 ; upto 86 cycles ( From 128-86 To 0 ) by examining Bit 7 of TMR0. 00313 ; 00000030 00314 K_user equ .128+.6-.86 00315 ; 008D 0C30 00316 User movlw K_user 008E 0021 00317 movwf TMR0 008F 062D 00318 btfsc FlagRX,R_done 0090 0A97 00319 goto ErrChk 0091 060D 00320 SetXmt btfsc FlagRX,X_flag 0092 0A9C 00321 goto Op 0093 0C41 00322 movlw 41H 0094 0029 00323 movwf XmtReg 0095 050D 00324 bsf FlagRX,X_flag ; Enable Xmission 0096 0A9C 00325 goto Op 00326 ; 0097 00327 ErrChk 0097 0C5A 00328 movlw "Z" 0098 0188 00329 xorwf RcvReg,W 0099 0643 00330 btfsc STATUS,Z 009A 0A91 00331 goto SetXmt 009B 0A9B 00332 err1 goto err1 ; Received word is not "Z" 00333 ; 009C 07E1 00334 Op btfss TMR0,MSB ; Test for TMR0 bit 7 009D 0A9C 00335 goto Op ; If Set, Then TMR0 has incremented 009E 0A80 00336 Oflow goto Op_Sys ; to 128. 00337 ; 00338 ; *********************************************************** 00339 ; 01FF 00340 ORG PIC54 01FF 0A83 00341 goto main ? 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00510E-page 17 AN510 00342 00343 END MEMORY USAGE MAP (`X' = Used, `-' = Unused) 0000 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 0040 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 0080 : XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX- ---------------- ---------------- 01C0 : ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------X All other memory blocks unused. Program Memory Words Used: 160 Program Memory Words Free: 352 Errors : 0 Warnings : 0 reported, 0 suppressed Messages : 0 reported, 0 suppressed Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended for suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. All rights reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies. 1999 Microchip Technology Inc. All rights reserved. ? 1999 Microchip Technology Incorporated. Printed in the USA. 11/99 Printed on recycled paper. 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