Researchers: Vacancies can create magnetic graphene
Keywords:magnetic graphene? vacancy-doping? Kondo effect? graphene semiconductors?
Semiconductors are usually made magnetic by doping with a metallic material such as iron or cobalt, but the University of Maryland team, led by professor Michael Fuhrer, claims that just introducing empty spaces into graphene's otherwise perfect hexagonal pattern¡ªcalled vacancies¡ªcan dope the material for magnetism. Others have used surface treatments to make graphene magnetic, but the new method is said to work better by virtue of eliminating the need for any other material except carbon.
![]() |
Artist's rendering of a graphene transistor showing gold electrodes (yellow), silicon dioxide (clear), silicon substrate (black) and graphene (red), with inset showing graphene lattice vacancy defects (blue). |
Fuhrer's lab was one of the first to characterize the carrier mobility in graphene as being more than 10-times higher than silicon (15,000cm2/Vs compared to 1,400cm2/Vs). Now the team claims that their newest characterization attempts for the first time explain how magnetic properties can also be introduced into graphene¡ªnamely by adding vacancy defects to its crystalline lattice.
Semiconductor defects are usually caused by doping, which in this case are vacancies instead of a different material, each of which acts like a nanoscale magnet with its own "moment." The researchers demonstrated that these vacancy defects strongly interacted with any electrical currents in the material, potentially making its semiconducting properties tunable by virtue of the Kondo effect. The researchers measured the temperature of the Kondo effect in graphene with vacancies and found it to be about the same as in metals with electron densities much higher than un-doped graphene¡ªabout 90 degrees Kelvin.
Next the researchers are attempting to arrange the vacancies in a pattern that could exhibit ferromagnetism by forcing all the magnetic moments in a domain of vacancies to line up by virtue of the Kondo effect, potentially allowing them to be electrically switched to make pure carbon magnetic memories and sensors.
Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research.
- R. Colin Johnson
??EE Times
Related Articles | Editor's Choice |
Visit Asia Webinars to learn about the latest in technology and get practical design tips.