Research reveals self-assembling super-nano plastic fibers

Researchers from CNRS and the Université de Strasbourg have created what they say are highly conductive plastic fibers that are only several nanometers thick. The nanowires, for which CNRS has filed a patent, "self-assemble" when triggered by a flash of light, noted by Nicolas Giuseppone锟絘nd Bernard Doudin, the scientists leading the research.

Inexpensive and easy to handle, unlike carbon nanotubes, they combine the advantages of the two materials currently used to conduct electric current: metals and plastic organic polymers. In fact, their remarkable electrical properties are similar to those of metals, explained the researchers. In addition, they are light and flexible like plastics, which opens up the possibility of meeting one of the most important challenges of 21^st century electronics: miniaturizing components down to the nanometric scale.

In previous work published in 2010, Giuseppone and his colleagues succeeded for the first time in obtaining nanowires. To achieve this feat, they chemically modified 'triarylamines,' synthetic molecules that have been used for decades by industry in Xerox photocopying processes. Much to their surprise, they observed that in light and in solution, their new molecules stacked up spontaneously in a regular manner to form miniature fibers. These wires, a few hundred nanometers long, are made up of what is known as the 'supramolecular' assembly of several thousand molecules.

In collaboration with Doudin's team, the researchers then studied the electrical properties of these nanofibers in detail. This time, they placed their molecules in contact with an electronic microcircuit comprising gold electrodes spaced 100nm apart. They then applied an electric field between these electrodes.

Their first important finding was that, when triggered by a flash of light, the fibers self-assemble solely between the electrodes. The second surprising result was that these structures, which are as light and flexible as plastics, turn out to be capable of transporting extraordinary current densities, above 2.10A/cm², approaching those of copper wire. In addition, they have very low interface resistance with metals: 10,000 times below that of the best organic polymers.

The researchers now hope to demonstrate that their fibers can be used industrially in miniaturized electronic devices such as flexible screens, solar cells, transistors, printed nanocircuits, etc.